Commission : Definition, Types

The act of assigning some duty/responsibility to a person or especially any authority/instrument which confers such authority on a person to function in a position is called commission.

There are three types of commission. Such as-
1. Constitutional Commission
2. Statutory Commission
3. Executive Commission

Definition : Those commissions which have been provided (mentioned) in the constitution are called constitutional commissions. For example-
(I) State Public Service Commission : State Public Service Commission is provided for in Part 14 and Articles 315 to 323 of the Constitution.
(II) State Election Commission : The State Election Commission is provided for in Part 9 and 9 (A) and Articles 243 (K) and 243 (ZA) of the Constitution.

Definition : Commissions which are established through an Act are called statutory commissions. For example-
(I) State Human Rights Commission (SHRC) : The State Human Rights Commission has been established through the “Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993”.
(II) State Information Commission (SIC) : The State Information Commission has been established through Section 15 of the “Right to Information Act, 2005”.
(III) Lokayukta : The institutions of Lokpal at the Central level and Lokayukta at the State level have been established through the much awaited “Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013” (Act No. 1 of 2014).

Definition : Commissions which are established through an executive order are called executive commissions. For example-
(I) NITI Aayog : NITI Aayog has been established by an executive order of the Central Government.
(II) State Planning Board : The State Planning Board is established by an executive order of the State Government.
(III) Chief Minister’s Advisory Council : The Chief Minister’s Advisory Council has been established by an executive order of the State Government.

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