Integration of Rajasthan : Introduction, Phases of Integration, Present Rajasthan

Introduction

• Start : 18 March, 1948
• Complete : 1 November, 1956
• Total Duration : 8 years, 7 months and 14 days
• Phase : 7
• At the time of independence, there were 19 Princely States, 3 Thikanas (Chiefship) and 1 Union Territory (Chief Commissionary) in Rajasthan. Like-

Princely States, Thikanas and Union Territory in Rajasthan at the time of independence

S. No.	Princely State	Rulers at the time of Integration	Features
1	Mewar	Bhupal Singh	𑇐 The oldest princely state of Rajasthan.
2	Jaipur	Sawai Mansingh-II	𑇐 The largest princely state of Rajasthan on the basis of population.
3	Jodhpur	Hanuwant Singh	𑇐 The largest princely state of Rajasthan on the basis of area. 𑇐 Jodhpur ruler Hanuwant Singh wanted to join Pakistan, information about which was given by Sumanesh Joshi in his newspaper ‘Riyasati’.
4	Bikaner	Sardul Singh	𑇐 The first princely state of Rajasthan to sign the Instrument of Accession to India. 𑇐 On 7 August 1947, Bikaner Maharaja Sardul Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India.
5	Alwar	Tej Singh	𑇐 The first signature on Rajasthan Integration was done by Tej Singh, the ruler of Alwar.
6	Bharatpur
7	karauli	Ganeshpal
8	Dholpur	Udaybhan Singh	𑇐 The last princely state of Rajasthan to sign the Instrument of Accession to India. 𑇐 On 14 August 1947, Dholpur Maharaja Udaybhan Singh signed the Instrument of Accession to India.
9	Kota	Bhim Singh
10	Bundi	Bahadur Singh
11	Dungarpur	Sudarshan Dev	𑇐 Dungarpur was the only princely state in Rajasthan that banned education.
12	Banswara	Chandraveer Singh
13	Pratapgarh
14	Tonk		𑇐 The only Muslim princely state of Rajasthan. 𑇐 The only princely state of Rajasthan that made the Hunting Act.
15	Kishangarh	Sumersingh
16	Shahpura	Laxman Singh	𑇐 The smallest princely state of Rajasthan on the basis of both population and area.
17	Sirohi
18	Jaisalmer	Jawahar Singh	𑇐 There was no succession/Talwar Bandhai tax in Jaisalmer state.
19	Jhalawar	Harishchandra	𑇐 It was established by the British in 1838. 𑇐 Its first ruler was Jhalamdan Singh. 𑇐 The newest princely state of Rajasthan.
	Thikana (Chiefship)
1	Neemrana	Rajendra Singh	𑇐 It was created by separating it from Alwar princely state.
2	Kushalgarh		𑇐 It was created by separating it from Banswara princely state.
3	Lava		𑇐 It was created by separating it from Tonk princely state.
	Union Territory (Chief Commissionary)
1	Ajmer-Merwara

Rajasthan Union :-

• Mewar Maharana Bhupal Singh wanted to form “Rajasthan Union” by combining the princely states of Rajputana (Rajasthan), Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) and Saurashtra (Gujarat). For this, Bhupal Singh organized two conferences (1946, 1947 AD) in Udaipur.
• At this time, Bhupal Singh’s constitutional advisor was K.M. Munshi.

rulers who tried to form a union

S. No.	Union	Rulers
1	Hadauti Union	Bhim Singh (Kota)
2	Vagad Union	Laxman Singh (Dungarpur)
3	Mewar Union	Bhupal Singh (Mewar)
4	Rajputana Union	Sawai Mansingh-II (Jaipur) + Bhupal Singh (Mewar)

Princely Secretariat :-

• Establishment : 5 July, 1947
• President : Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
• Secretary : V.P. Menon
• Headquarter : New Delhi
• On 18 July 1947, the “Indian Independence Act” was passed. And under Section 8 of this Act, the treaties made between the native princely states (kings) and the British were terminated.
• The Princely Secretariat declared that those Princely States whose population was 10 lakh or more and income was 1 crore or more can maintain their independent existence. There were 4 such Princely States in Rajasthan like-
  1. Mewar (Udaipur)
  2. Jaipur
  3. Jodhpur
  4. Bikaner

Phases of Integration

• The integration of Rajasthan was completed in a total of 7 phases. Like-

Phase (Complete)	Name of Rajasthan	Capital	Inaugurator	Rajpramukh	Prime Minister
First (18 March, 1948)	Matsya Union	Alwar	N.V. Gadgil	Udaybhan Singh (Dholpur)	Shobharam Kumawat
Second (25 March, 1948)	Rajasthan Union	Kota	N.V. Gadgil	Bhimsingh (Kota)	Gokul Lal Asawa
Third (18 April, 1948)	United States of Rajasthan	Udaipur	Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru	Bhupal Singh (Mewar)	Manikya Lal Verma
					Chief Minister
Fourth (30 March, 1949)	Greater Rajasthan	Jaipur	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Sawai Mansingh-II (Jaipur)	Hiralal Shastri
Fifth (15 May, 1949)	United States of Greater Rajasthan	Jaipur	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Sawai Mansingh-II (Jaipur)	Hiralal Shastri
Sixth (26 January, 1950)	Rajasthan	Jaipur	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	Sawai Mansingh-II (Jaipur)	Hiralal Shastri
				Governor
Seventh (1 November, 1956)	Rajasthan	Jaipur	Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	𑇐 At this time, the post of Rajpramukh was abolished and the post of Governor was created in its place. 𑇐 Gurumukh Nihal Singh was made the first Governor of Rajasthan.	Mohanlal Sukhadia

1. First Phase

Name of Rajasthan	Matsya Union
Naming	By K. M. Munshi
Areas involved	1. Dholpur Princely State 2. Karauli Princely State 3. Alwar Princely State 4. Bharatpur Princely State 5. Neemrana Thikana
Capital	Alwar
Inauguration	It was done on 18 March, 1948 by N.V. Gadgil (Narahar Vishnu Gadgil) in Bharatpur.
Rajpramukh	Udaybhan Singh (King of Dholpur)
Up Rajpramukh	Ganeshpal (King of Karauli)
Prime Minister	Shobharam Kumawat (Alwar)
Deputy Prime Minister	Jugal Kishore Chaturvedi
Minister	1. Master Bhola Nath (Alwar) 2. Gopilal Yadav (Dholpur) 3. Dr. Mangal Singh (Dholpur) 4. Chiranji Lal Sharma (Karauli)
Area	12,000 km2
Population	18 Lakh
Income	₹ 1.84 Crore

Note :-

• The Government of India had already established control over the princely states of Alwar and Bharatpur.
• The Dholpur princely state of Matsya Union wanted to merge with Uttar Pradesh on the basis of public majority.

2. Second Phase

Name of Rajasthan	Rajasthan Union
Areas involved	1. Kota Princely State (Hadauti) 2. Bundi Princely State (Hadauti) 3. Jhalawar Princely State (Hadauti) 4. Dungarpur Princely State (Wagad) 5. Banswara Princely State (Wagad) 6. Pratapgarh Princely State (Wagad) 7. Tonk Princely State 8. Kishangarh Princely State 9. Shahpura Princely State 10. Kushalgarh Thikana 11. Lava Thikana
Capital	Kota
Inauguration	It was done on 25 March, 1948 by N.V. Gadgil (Narhari Vishnu Gadgil) in Kota.
Rajpramukh	Bhimsingh (King of Kota)
Senior Uprajpramukh	Bahadur Singh (King of Bundi)
Junior Uprajpramukh	Laxman Singh (King of Dungarpur)
Prime Minister	Gokul Lal Asawa (leader of Shahpura Prajamandal)
Minister	No minister was appointed in the Rajasthan Union because it was clear that Mewar would also join the Rajasthan Union. So ministers were not appointed at once and it was decided that after the inclusion of Mewar, ministers would be appointed all at once.
Population	23.5 Lakh
Income	₹ 1.90 Crore

Note :-

• The Indian government wanted to merge Shahpur and Kishangarh princely states with Ajmer-Merwara, but these princely states opposed the merger with Ajmer-Merwara.
• While signing the merger letter, Banswara Maharaja Chandravir Singh had said, “I am signing my death warrant”

3. Third Phase

Name of Rajasthan	United States of Rajasthan
Areas involved	1. Rajasthan Union (Second phase) 2. Mewar Princely State
Capital	Udaipur
Inauguration	It was done on 18 April, 1948 by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in Udaipur.
Rajpramukh	Maharana Bhupal Singh (King of Mewar)
Senior Uprajpramukh	Bhim Singh (King of Kota)
Junior Uprajpramukh	1. Bahadur Singh (King of Bundi) 2. Laxman Singh (King of Dungarpur)
Prime Minister	Manikya Lal Verma
Deputy Prime Minister	Gokul Lal Asawa
Minister	1. Abhinn Hari (Kota) 2. Brij Sundar Sharma (Bundi) 3. Bhogilal Pandya (Dungarpur) 4. Bhurlal Baya (Udaipur) 5. Prem Narayan Mathur (Udaipur) 6. Mohan Lal Sukhadia (Udaipur)

Note :-

• A deadlock had arisen over the participation of feudal lords (Saamant) in the cabinet.
• Three sessions of the assembly will be held every year in United States of Rajasthan, in which two sessions will be held in Udaipur and one session in Kota.
• Special efforts will be made for the development of Kota.
• Maharana Bhupal Singh had demanded a privy purse of Rs 20 lakh.
• The Government of India gave Rs 20 lakh to Maharana Bhupal Singh in the following form-
  1. Privy purse : Rs 10 lakh
  2. Salary of Rajpramukh : Rs 5 lakh
  3. Religious grant : Rs 5 lakh
• Ram Manohar Lohia formed the “Rajasthan Movement Committee” and demanded immediate merger of the remaining princely states into Rajasthan.

Statement of Manik Lal Verma- "Mewar Maharana Bhupal Singh and Minister Ram Murti cannot alone decide the fate of 20 lakh people of Mewar".

4. Fourth Phase

Name of Rajasthan	Greater Rajasthan
Areas involved	1. United States of Rajasthan (Third Stage) 2. Jaipur Princely State 3. Jodhpur Princely State 4. Bikaner Princely State 5. Jaisalmer Princely State
Capital	Jaipur
Inauguration	It was done on 30 March, 1949 (Chaitra Shukla Ekam Vikrami Samvat 2006) by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Jaipur.
Maharaj Pramukh	Maharana Bhupal Singh (King of Mewar)
Rajpramukh	Sawai Mansingh-II (King of Jaipur)
Senior Uprajpramukh	1. Bhim Singh (King of Kota) 2. Hanuwant Singh (King of Jodhpur)
Junior Uprajpramukh	1. Bahadur Singh (King of Bundi) 2. Laxman Singh (King of Dungarpur)
Prime Minister (Chief Minister)	In this phase, the post of Prime Minister was removed and the post of Chief Minister was introduced in its place. Hence, Hiralal Shastri became the first Chief Minister of Rajasthan.
Minister	1. Siddhraj Dhaddha (Jaipur) 2. Raghuvar Dayal Goyal (Bikaner) 3. Brij Sundar Sharma 4. Prem Narayan Mathur (Mewar) 5. Bhurlal Baya (Mewar) 6. Vedpal Tyagi (Kota)- Later became Chief Justice of Rajasthan High Court. 7. Rao Raja Hanut/Hanuwant Singh (Jodhpur) 8. Nrisinh Kachhawa (Jodhpur) 9. Phoolchand Bafna (Jodhpur)

Note :-

• On 19 July 1948, Lava Thikana was merged with Jaipur State.
• On 9 November 1948, Jayanarayan Vyas first demanded ‘Greater Rajasthan’.
• The new year of Vikrami Samvat calendar begins on Chaitra Shukla Ekam.
• Rajasthan Day is celebrated every year on 30 March.

B. R. Patel Committee :-

• Formation : In this phase, there was a dispute regarding the capital between Jaipur and Jodhpur, so this committee was formed to resolve it.
• Chairman : B. R. Patel
• Members :-
  1. T. C. Puri
  2. S. P. Sinha
• On the basis of the recommendation of this committee, Jaipur was given the capital and Jodhpur was given the High Court.

Privy Purse (per year)

S. No.	Princely State	Privy Purse (₹)
1	Jaipur	18 Lakh
2	Jodhpur	17.50 Lakh
3	Bikaner	17 Lakh

5. Fifth Phase

Name of Rajasthan	United States of Greater Rajasthan
Areas involved	1. Matsya Union (First Phase) 2. Greater Rajasthan (Fourth Phase)
Capital	Jaipur
Inauguration	It was done on 15 May, 1949 By Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Rajpramukh	Sawai Mansingh-II (King of Jaipur)
Chief Minister	Hiralal Shastri
Minister	Shobharam Kumawat

Shankar Rao Dev Committee :-

• Formation : This committee was formed to merge Matsya Union with Greater Rajasthan.
• Chairman : Shankar Rao Dev
• Members :-
  1. Prabhu Dayal
  2. R.K. Siddhava
• On the recommendation of this committee-
  1. On May 15, 1949, Matsya Union was merged with Greater Rajasthan.
  2. The people of Bharatpur and Dholpur were merged with Rajasthan from Uttar Pradesh.

6. Sixth Phase

Name of Rajasthan	Rajasthan
Areas involved	1. United States of Greater Rajasthan (Fifth Phase) 2. Sirohi Princely State (Except Abu-Delwara)
Capital	Jaipur
Inauguration	It was done on 26 January, 1950 By Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Rajpramukh	Sawai Mansingh-II (King of Jaipur)
Chief Minister	Hiralal Shastri

Note :-

• In this phase, the Sirohi princely state was divided, under which 89 villages including Abu and Delwara were merged with Bombay and the rest of Sirohi was merged with Rajasthan, which also included Gokul Bhai Bhatt’s village ‘Hathal’.
• Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel’s reply to this unfair merger was that “The people of Rajasthan wanted Gokul Bhai Bhatt, so we gave him to them”.
• On January 26, 1950-
  1. The process of this phase was completed.
  2. The name of Rajasthan was changed to ‘Rajasthan’.
  3. Hiralal Shastri was made the first nominated Chief Minister of Rajasthan.

Nominated Chief Minister of Rajasthan

Order	Chief Minister	Features
First	Hiralal Shastri
Second	C.S. Venkatachari (ICS)
Third	Jay Narayan Vyas	𑇐 The only nominated and elected Chief Minister of Rajasthan.

Elected Chief Minister of Rajasthan

Order	Chief Minister	Deputy Chief Minister	Legislative Assembly	Features
First	Tikaram Paliwal		First
Second	Jay Narayan Vyas	Tikaram Paliwal	First
Third	Mohanlal Sukhadia		First	𑇐 Youngest Chief Minister of Rajasthan. 𑇐 Chief Minister with longest tenure in Rajasthan. (17 years)

7. Seventh Phase

Name of Rajasthan	Rajasthan (Modern/Present Rajasthan)
Areas involved	1. Rajasthan (Sixth Phase) 2. Abu-Delwara (Bombay Province) 3. Ajmer-Merwara 4. Sunel-Tappa (Madhya Pradesh)
Capital	Jaipur
Inauguration	It was done on 1 November, 1956 By Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
Rajpramukh (Governor)	𑇐 At this time, the post of Rajpramukh was abolished and the post of Governor was created in its place. 𑇐 Gurumukh Nihal Singh was made the first Governor of Rajasthan.
Chief Minister	Mohanlal Sukhadia

Note :-

• The Integration of Rajasthan was completed on 1 November 1956.
• At this time the Chief Minister of Rajasthan was Mohan Lal Sukhadia.
• Rajasthan Foundation Day is celebrated every year on 1 November, because on 1 November, 1956, Rajasthan integration was completed and the present Rajasthan came into existence.

Muni Jin Vijay Suri Committee :-

• Formation : This committee was formed for the merger of Abu and Delwara in Rajasthan.
• President : Muni Jin Vijay Suri (Historian)
• Member : Dashrath Sharma (Historian)

Ajmer-Merwara :-

• Earlier it was a union territory.
• It had a “Dhara Sabha” (Legislative Assembly) of 30 members.
• Its Chief Minister was Haribhau Upadhyay.
• Haribhau Upadhyay opposed the merger of Ajmer-Merwara into Rajasthan.
• On November 1, 1956, Ajmer was made the 26^th district of Rajasthan.

Satyanarayan Rao Committee :-

• Formation : There was a dispute between Jaipur and Ajmer regarding the capital of Rajasthan, so this committee was formed to resolve it.
• Chairman : Satyanarayan Rao
• Members :-
  1. V. Vishwanathan
  2. B.K. Guha
• Based on the recommendation of this committee-
  1. Jaipur was made the capital of Rajasthan.
  2. The High Court was given to Jodhpur.
  3. The Revenue Department was given to Ajmer.
  4. The Education Department was given to Bikaner.
  5. The Agriculture Department was given to Bharatpur.
  6. The Forest and Cooperative Department was given to Kota. (Forest Department, Cooperative Department)
  7. The Mineral/Mining Department was given to Udaipur.

State Reorganisation Commission (Fazal Ali Commission) :-

• Formation : 22 December, 1953
• Chairman : Fazal Ali
• Members :-
  1. Hridayanath Kunjru
  2. K.M. Panikkar (member of Constituent Assembly from Bikaner.)
• On the basis of the recommendation of this commission-
  1. Abu and Delwara were merged in Rajasthan.
  2. Ajmer-Merwara was merged in Rajasthan.
  3. Sunel-Tappa of Madhya Pradesh was merged in Rajasthan.
  4. Sironj of Rajasthan was given to Madhya Pradesh.
  5. The post of Rajpramukh was abolished by the 7^th Constitutional Amendment, 1956 and the post of Governor was created in its place.
  6. The privy purses of the kings were abolished by the 26^th Constitutional Amendment, 1971.

Other important Facts

• Alwar and Bharatpur princely states did not celebrate the first Independence Day.
• Jaisalmer and Bikaner were two such princely states which were saved from Maratha attacks.
• Jaisalmer and Bikaner were two such princely states which could not establish responsible governance.
• The first princely state to make a law for wildlife protection in Rajasthan was Jodhpur which made a law in 1910 AD. After this, in 1935 AD, Alwar princely state passed an act for wildlife protection.
• The first Rajpramukh of Rajasthan was Sawai Mansingh-II.
• The last Rajpramukh of Rajasthan was Sawai Mansingh-II.
• Statement of Sawai Mansingh-II – “Jat flag is in danger”.
• Till November 1, 2000, Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India on the basis of area, but on this day Chhattisgarh was separated from Madhya Pradesh and made a new state, after which Rajasthan became the largest state in India on the basis of area.

7th Constitutional Amendment, 1956 :-

• Its effects :-
  1. Ajmer Merwara and Abu-Delwara were merged into Rajasthan.
  2. The categories of states were abolished. (Category B-II of Rajasthan)
  3. Villages of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh were exchanged.
  4. The post of Rajpramukh was abolished and the post of Governor was created in its place.

Present Rajasthan

Rajasthan after Integration

Period	No. of Districts	Order (District)	Formation	Chief Minister
From November 1, 1956 to April 14, 1982	26	26th (Ajmer)	01 November, 1956	Mohanlal Sukhadia
From April 15, 1982 to April 9, 1991	27 (26+1)	27th (Dholpur)	15 April, 1982	Shiv Charan Mathur
From April 10, 1991 to July 11, 1994	30 (27+3)	28th (Baran) 29th (Dausa) 30th (Rajsamand)	10 April, 1991	Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
From July 12, 1994 to July 18, 1997	31 (30+1)	31st (Hanumangarh)	12 July, 1994	Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
From July 19, 1997 to January 25, 2008	32 (31+1)	32nd (karauli)	19 July, 1997	Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
From January 26, 2008 to August 6, 2023	33 (32+1)	33rd (Pratapgarh)	26 January, 2008	Vasundhara Raje
From August 7, 2023 to December 28, 2024	50 (33+17)	34 to 50 𑇐 Balotara 𑇐 Beawar 𑇐 Deeg 𑇐 Didwana-Kuchaman 𑇐 Kotputli-Baharod 𑇐 Khairthal-Tijara 𑇐 Phalodi 𑇐 Salumber 𑇐 Jaipur Rural 𑇐 Jodhpur Rural 𑇐 Kekri 𑇐 Gangapur City 𑇐 Neem Ka Thana 𑇐 Anupgarh 𑇐 Dudu 𑇐 Sanchore 𑇐 Shahpura	7 August, 2023	Ashok Gehlot
December 29, 2024 to present	41 (50-9)	From 34 to 41 𑇐 Balotara 𑇐 Beawar 𑇐 Deeg 𑇐 Didwana-Kuchaman 𑇐 Kotputli-Bahror 𑇐 Khairthal-Tijara 𑇐 Phalodi 𑇐 Salumber 𑇐 Jaipur Rural (Cancelled) 𑇐 Jodhpur Rural (Cancelled) 𑇐 Kekri (Cancelled) 𑇐 Gangapur City (Cancelled) 𑇐 Neem Ka Thana (Cancelled) 𑇐 Anupgarh (Cancelled) 𑇐 Dudu (Cancelled) 𑇐 Sanchore (Cancelled) 𑇐 Shahpura (Cancelled)	9 districts abolished on 29 December, 2024	Bhajanlal Sharma

Current divisions and districts of Rajasthan

S. No.	Division	District	Features
1	Kota	1. Kota 2. Baran 3. Bundi 4. Jhalawar	No change
2	Bikaner	1. Bikaner 2. Sri Ganganagar 3. Hanumangarh 4. Churu	No change
3	Bharatpur	1. Bharatpur 2. Dholpur 3. Karauli 4. Sawai Madhopur 5. Deeg (New)
4	Ajmer	1. Ajmer 2. Bhilwara 3. Nagaur 4. Tonk 5. Didwana-Kuchaman (New) 6. Beawar (New)
5	Udaipur	1. Udaipur 2. Chittorgarh 3. Rajsamand 4. Pratapgarh 5. Banswara 6. Dungarpur 7. Salumber (New)
6	Jaipur	1. Jaipur 2. Alwar 3. Dausa 4. Sikar 5. Jhunjhunu 6. Kotputli-Bahror (New) 7. Khairthal-Tijara (New)
7	Jodhpur	1. Jodhpur 2. Barmer 3. Jaisalmer 4. Pali 5. Jalore 6. Sirohi 7. Balotra (New) 8. Phalodi (New)	𑇐 This is the division having maximum number of districts in Rajasthan.
Total	7	41