Kachwaha Dynasty : Amer (Jaipur), Alwar

History of Kachwaha Dynasty

• Kachwahas believe that they originated from Kush, the eldest son of Lord Ram.
• Being a descendant of Ram, he is also called ‘Raghuvansh Tilak’.
• According to Gauri Shankar Hirachand Ojha, the original man of the Kachwaha dynasty was Kachwaha, that is why they were called Kachwaha.

Princely states of Kachwaha dynasty in Rajasthan

S. No.	Princely State
1	Amer (Jaipur)
2	Alwar

1. Kachwaha dynasty of Amer (Jaipur)

• Amer was earlier ruled by the Meena dynasty but later the Kachwaha dynasty ruled here.

Prominent king of Kachwaha dynasty in Amer

S. No.	King	Reign period
1	Dulherai
2	Kakildev
3	Rajdev
4	Bharmal	1547- 1573 AD
5	Bhagwandas/ Bhagwantdas	1573- 1589 AD
6	Mansingh	1589- 1614 AD
7	Mirza Raja Jai Singh	1621- 1667 AD
8	Sawai Jai Singh	1700- 1743 AD
9	Sawai Ishwarisingh	1743- 1750 AD
10	Sawai Madho Singh I	1750- 1768 AD
11	Sawai Pratap Singh	1778-1803 AD
12	Sawai Jagat Singh II	1803-1818 AD
13	Sawai Ram Singh II	1835-1880 AD
14	Sawai Madho Singh II	1880-1922 AD
15	Sawai Mansingh II	1922- 1947 AD

1. Dulherai

• Real name : Tejkaran
• He came to Rajasthan from Narwar (Madhya Pradesh) in 1137 AD.
• He defeated the Badgujars of Dausa and took over there and made Dausa his capital.
• Dausa was the first capital of the Kachwaha dynasty.
• He defeated the Meenas of Ramgarh/ Jamwaramgarh and took over Ramgarh and made Ramgarh his second capital.
• Ramgarh was the second capital of the Kachwaha dynasty.
• He built the temple of Jamvay Mata (the family deity of the Kachwaha dynasty) in Ramgarh.

2. Kakildev

• In 1207 AD, he defeated the Meenas of Amer and took over there and made Amer his capital.
• Amer was the third capital of the Kachwaha dynasty.
• He built the Ambikeshwar temple in Amer.

3. Rajdev

• He constructed the Kadmi Palace in Amer where the coronation of the kings of Amer took place.

4. Bharmal

• Reign period : 1547-1573 AD
• He met Akbar with the help of Majnu Khan and Chagatai Khan.
• In 1562 AD, he accepted Akbar’s suzerainty (treaty). He was the first king of Rajasthan to do so.
• He married his daughter Harkhabai to Akbar in Sambhar.
• Akbar made him a mansabdar of 5000 and gave him the title of ‘Amir-ul-Umara’.

Harkhabai :-

• Title : Maryam Uzzamani
• Son : Jahangir

5. Bhagwandas/ Bhagwantdas

• Reign period : 1573-1589 AD
• He suppressed the Mirza rebellion in Sarnal (Gujarat), so Akbar honoured him by giving him a drum (Nagada) and a flag.
• Akbar made him the governor of Punjab for 7 years.
• He married his daughter Manbai to Jahangir.

Manbai :-

• Title : Shah Begum/ Shah-e-Begum
• Son : Khusro
• Upset by Jahangir’s drinking habit, she committed suicide.

6. Mansingh

• Reign period : 1589-1614 AD
• Queen : Kankavati
• Son : Jagat Singh
• At the time of coronation, Akbar made him a mansabdar of 5000, but in 1605 AD it was increased to 7000.
• He defeated Nasir Khan and Katlu Khan and established control over the Jagannath temple of Puri.
• Death : Ellichpur (Maharashtra)
• Akbar gave him two titles such as-
  1. Mirza Raja
  2. Farzand (meaning – son)
• Akbar made him the governor of Kabul, Bengal and Bihar.

Governor

S. No.	Place	Features
1	Kabul	𑇐 Time : 1581-1586 AD 𑇐 Here he suppressed the rebellion of Mirza Hakim. 𑇐 Here he defeated five tribes (Roshania, Yusufzai) so he changed the colour of the flag of Amer to five-coloured. 𑇐 Earlier the flag of Amer was white/Jhadshahi.
2	Bengal	𑇐 Here he defeated Raja Kedar of Dhaka (East Bengal) and brought the idol of Shila Mata which was installed in Amer. 𑇐 He built the temple of Shila Mata (presiding deity of Kachwaha dynasty) in Amer. 𑇐 He defeated Nasir Jang and Katlu Khan and established control over the Jagannath Temple in Puri (Orissa).
3	Bihar	𑇐 Here he defeated many kings. Like- 1. Puranmal (King of Gidhaur) 2. Anant Cheru (King of Gaya) 3. Ramchandra Dev (King of Khurda)

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	City	Location	Construction	Features
1	Akbar Nagar	Bengal	Mansingh	𑇐 Current name : Rajmahal
2	Manpur	Bihar	Mansingh
	Fort
1	Rohtasgarh Fort	Bihar	Mansingh
2	Amer Fort	Jaipur	Mansingh
3	Jamwaramgarh Fort	Jaipur	Mansingh
	Temple
1	Bhavani Shankar Temple	Baikathpur (Bihar)	Mansingh
2	Mahadev Temple	Gaya (Bihar)	Mansingh
3	Radha Govind Temple	Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh)	Mansingh
4	Jagat Shiromani Temple	Amer (Jaipur)	Kankavati (Mansingh)	𑇐 This temple was built by Kankavati in the memory of her son Jagat Singh. 𑇐 This temple houses the same idol of Lord Shri Krishna brought from Chittor by Man Singh, which Meera Bai used to worship in Chittor.

Court Scholar

S. No.	Court Scholar	Book
1	Pundarik Vitthal	𑇐 Raga Mala 𑇐 Raga Manjari 𑇐 Raga Chandrodaya 𑇐 Nartan Nirnay
2	Rai Murari Das	𑇐 Mann Prakash
3	Jagannath	𑇐 Mansingh Kirti Muktavali

7. Mirza Raja Jai Singh

• Reign period : 1621-1667 AD
• His reign was the longest (46 years) among the kings of the Kachwaha dynasty of Amer.
• Contemporary Mughal Emperors :-
  1. Jahangir : Jahangir sent him against Malik Ambar of Ahmednagar (Maharashtra).
  2. Shahjahan : Shahjahan gave him the title of Mirza Raja and sent him on a campaign to Kandahar (Afghanistan).
  3. Aurangzeb : Aurangzeb sent him against Shivaji (South India).
• He was the only Mughal commander who defeated the Mughals.
• Death : Burhanpur (Maharashtra)

Treaty of Purandar :-

• Time : 1665 AD
• Middle : Mirza Raja Jai ​​Singh (Aurangzeb) + Shivaji
• Nicolo Manucci (Italy) described this treaty in his book ‘Storia/Storio Do Mogor’.
• Under this treaty, Shivaji gave 23 out of 35 forts to the Mughals.

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	City	Place	Construction	Features
1	Jaisinghpura	Maharashtra	Mirza Raja Jai Singh
	Fort
1	Jaigarh	Amer (Jaipur)	Mirza Raja Jai Singh	𑇐 This fort was the emergency capital of Amer. 𑇐 Ancient name : Cheel ka Tola

Court Scholar

S. No.	Court Scholar	Book
1	Bihari Ji	𑇐 Bihari Satsai (700 couplets of Shrngaar ras)
2	Raikavi	𑇐 Jaisingh Character
3	Kulapati Mishr	𑇐 He was the nephew of Bihari ji. 𑇐 He wrote 52 books, which provide information about Mirza Raja Jai ​​Singh’s southern campaigns.

8. Sawai Jai Singh

• Reign period : 1700-1743 AD
• Queen :-
  1. Suraj Kanwar :-
     • Son : Ishwari Singh
  2. Chandra Kanwar :-
     • Son : Madho Singh
• He was a contemporary of 7 Mughal emperors.
• Bahadur Shah I (Muazzam) attacked Amer and removed Sawai Jai Singh from the post of king and made Vijay Singh the king of Amer.
• Bahadur Shah I changed the name of Amer to Islamabad/ Mominabad.
• In 1708 AD, he joined the Debari agreement.
• He supported Badan Singh against King Mohkam Singh of Bharatpur and made Badan Singh the king of Bharatpur.
• He gave Badan Singh the jagir of Deeg and the title of Brijraj (Brajraj).
• Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela gave him the title of Raj Rajeshwar.
• He was made the Mughal governor of Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) thrice.
• He supported Dalel Singh against Ummed Singh in Bundi.

Mughal succession struggle :-

• Middle : Azam (defeat) Vs Muazzam (victory)
• In this conflict, Azam was supported by Sawai Jai Singh and Muazzam was supported by Jai Singh’s brother Vijay Singh.
• After the victory, Muazzam became the king by the name of ‘Bahadur Shah I’.

Battle of Sambhar :-

• Time : 1709 AD
• Place : Sambhar
• Middle : Syed Hussain (Mughal Commander) Vs Sawai Jai Singh (Amer) + Ajit Singh (Marwar)
• Win : Jai Singh + Ajit Singh
• After this war, Sawai Jai Singh regained control over Amer.
• After this war, Amer and Marwar had joint control over Sambhar Lake.

Battle of Gangwana :-

• Time : 1741 AD
• Place : Gangawana (Ajmer)
• Middle : Abhay Singh (Marwar) Vs Zorawar Singh (Bikaner)
• Win : Zorawar Singh
• In this war, Sawai Jai Singh supported Zorawar Singh.

Mughal (Sawai Jai Singh) Vs Maratha

S. No.	Battle	Time	Place	Win
1	Battle of Pilsud	10 May, 1715 AD	Pilsud (Madhya Pradesh)	Sawai Jai Singh (Mughal)
2	Battle of Mandsaur	1733 AD	Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh)	Maratha
3	Battle of Rampura	1735 AD	Rampura (Kota, Rajasthan)	Maratha

Dholpur Agreement :-

• Time : 1741 AD
• Place : Dholpur
• Middle : Sawai Jai Singh + Balaji Bajirao (Maratha Peshwa)
• In this agreement, Sawai Jai Singh represented Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah Rangeela.

Cultural Achievements :-

• Ashvamedha Yagna :-
  • Organization : In 1740 AD by Jai Singh
  • Priest : Pundarik Ratnakar
  • All the doors of Jaipur were closed and a horse was released which was caught by Deep Singh Kumbhani.
• Architecture
• Literature
• Painting

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	Architecture	Founder	Features
1	Jaipur City	Jai Singh	𑇐 Establishment : November 18, 1727 AD 𑇐 Architect : Vidyadhar Bhattacharya (Bengal) 𑇐 The help of Portuguese astrologer Xavier de Silva was taken in its establishment. 𑇐 This city was settled on the lines of Canton (China) and Baghdad (Iraq) cities. 𑇐 It was settled on the principle of 9 sections. 𑇐 It is the first modern and planned city of India. 𑇐 Badal Mahal was the first building of City Palace (Jaipur) which was earlier known as Shikar Hodi. 𑇐 Information about the establishment of Jaipur is available from Bakhtaram Shah’s book Buddhi Vilas. 𑇐 Jaipur was the fourth capital of the Kachwaha dynasty. 𑇐 In the year 2019, UNESCO included the city of Jaipur in the World Heritage List. 𑇐 Stanley Reed called Jaipur the ‘Pink City’ in his book ‘Royal Towns of India’.
2	Nahargarh Fort (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 This fort was built for protection against the Marathas. 𑇐 Other names :– 1. Jaipur’s guard 2. Sudarshangarh (earlier) 𑇐 This fort was named Nahargarh after the city soldier Nahar Singh.
3	Chandra Mahal (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 Current name : City Palace 𑇐 It was built by Jai Singh for himself. 𑇐 It is a 7-storey building, the topmost part of which is called the Mukut Mandir.
4	Sisodia Rani Palace (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 Jai Singh built a palace for his queen Chandra Kanwar which is called Sisodia Rani Palace.
5	Jal Mahal (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 This palace is located in the Mansagar Lake of Jaipur. 𑇐 The Brahmins of the Ashwamedha Yagna were accommodated in this palace.
6	Govind Dev Ji Temple (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 This temple is the main temple of the Gaudiya/ Godiyya sect. 𑇐 The king of Jaipur considered himself the Diwan of Govind Dev Ji.
7	Harmara Canal (Jaipur)	Jai Singh	𑇐 This canal was constructed to supply drinking water in Jaipur.
8	Jantar Mantar	Jai Singh	𑇐 Jai Singh built Jantar Mantar at 5 places in India. Like- 1. Delhi (first) 2. Jaipur (largest) 3. Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) 4. Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) 5. Kashi (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) 𑇐 Actual name : Yantra-Mantra 𑇐 In the year 2010, Jantar Mantar of Jaipur was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
	Literature
1	Jaisingh Karika (Astrology book)		𑇐 This astrology book was written by Jai Singh.
2	Zij-e-Muhammadshahi (Nakshatra Sarni)		𑇐 This Nakshatra Sarni was prepared by Jai Singh on Muhammad Shah Rangeela.
	Painting
1	Surat Khana (Painting Department)	Jai Singh	𑇐 Painter : Sahibram, Muhammad Shah

Court Scholar

S. No.	Court Scholar	Featues
1	Pundarik Ratnakar	𑇐 Book : Jaisingh Kalpadrum
2	Pandit Jagannath	𑇐 Books : Siddhanta Samrat and Siddhanta Kaustubh 𑇐 He translated the book named Euclid Geometry into Sanskrit language.
3	Kewalram	𑇐 He translated a French book named Logarithm into Sanskrit language.
4	Nayan Chandra Mukherjee	𑇐 He translated the Arabic text named Ukar into Sanskrit language
5	Muhammad Mehari	𑇐 He was sent to bring books from abroad.
6	Mohammad sharif	𑇐 He was sent to bring books from abroad.
7	Bakhtaram Shah	𑇐 Book : Buddhivilas (Information about the establishment of Jaipur is available from this book.)

Social Reform :-

• Controlled the sati system and child marriage in Jaipur.
• Encouraged widow remarriage and inter-caste marriage.
• Encouraged saints and sages to lead a householder’s life and established a village named Vairagpur near Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) for them.
• Ended the mutual discrimination among Brahmins.

Debari Agreement :-

• Time : 1708 AD
• Place : Debari (Udaipur)
• According to this agreement, Madho Singh should have been the king of Jaipur, but Jai Singh made Ishwari Singh the king.
• There was a succession struggle between Madho Singh and Ishwari Singh for the throne of Jaipur.

9. Sawai Ishwarisingh

• Reign period : 1743-1750 A.D.

Battle of Rajmahal :-

• Time : 1747 AD
• Place : Rajmahal (Tonk)
• Middle : Ishwari Singh (victory) Vs Madho Singh I (defeat)
• Allies of Ishwari Singh :-
  1. Surajmal (Bharatpur)
• Allies of Madho Singh I :-
  1. Jagat Singh II (Mewar)
  2. Ummed Singh (Bundi)
  3. Durjan Sal (Kota)
  4. Maratha
• In memory of the victory of this war, Ishwari Singh built Isarlat/ Laat-Minar (7 storey pillar) in Jaipur. Whose current name is Sargasuli.

Battle of Bagru :-

• Time : 1748 AD
• Place : Bagru (Jaipur)
• Middle : Ishwari Singh (defeat) Vs Madho Singh I (victory)
• Allies of Ishwari Singh :-
  1. Surajmal (Bharatpur)
• Allies of Madho Singh I :-
  1. Jagat Singh II (Mewar)
  2. Ummed Singh (Bundi)
  3. Durjan Sal (Kota)
  4. Maratha
• After the war-
  • Ishwari Singh gave five parganas to Madho Singh I.
  • Ummed Singh was accepted as the king of Bundi.
  • War compensation was given to the Marathas.
  • The Marathas harassed Ishwari Singh for the war compensation. So Ishwari Singh committed suicide.
• Ishwari Singh is the only king of Rajasthan who committed suicide after being harassed by the Marathas.

10. Sawai Madho Singh I

• Reign period : 1750-1768 AD
• In 1751 AD, he got the Marathas massacred in Jaipur.

Battle of Kakor :-

• Time : 1759 AD
• Place : Kakor (Tonk)
• Middle : Madho Singh I (victory) Vs Maratha (defeat)

Battle of Bhatwara :-

• Time : 1761 AD
• Place : Bhatwara (Baran)
• Middle : Madho Singh I Vs Shatrushal (Kota)
• Reason : Ranthambore Fort
• Win : Shatrushal
• In this war, the commander from Shatrushal’s side was Jaleem Singh Jhala of Kota.

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	Architecture	Founder	Features
1	Sawai Madhopur City (Rajasthan)	Madho Singh I	𑇐 Establishment : 1763 AD
2	Madhorajpura Fort (Jaipur)	Madho Singh I	𑇐 This fort was built to commemorate the victory over the Marathas.
3	Shitla Mata Temple (Chaksu, Jaipur)	Madho Singh I
4	Moti Dungri Palace (Jaipur)	Madho Singh I

11. Sawai Pratap Singh

• Reign period : 1778-1803 AD
• He used to write poems under the name Brajnidhi.
• The collection of his poems is called Brajnidhi Granthawali.
• Poetry Guru : Ganpati Bharti
• Music Guru :-
  1. Chand Khan :-
     • Pratap Singh gave him the title of Buddha Prakash.
     • Book : Swar Sagar
• During his period, Tamasha folk drama became popular in Jaipur. For which Banshidhar Bhatt was called to Jaipur from Maharashtra.
• There were 22 artists (scholars) in his court. Who were called Gandharva/ Pratap Baisi.
• He built a department called Gunijan Khana for 22 artists/scholars.

Battle of Tunga :-

• Time : 1787 AD
• Place : Tunga (near Lalsot, Jaipur)
• Middle : Pratap Singh (victory) Vs Maratha (defeat)
• Maratha Commander : Mahadji Scindia
• Allies of Pratap Singh : Vijay Singh (Jodhpur/ Marwar)

Battle of Patan :-

• Time : 1790 AD
• Place : Patan (Sikar)
• Middle : Pratap Singh + Vijay Singh (Jodhpur/ Marwar) Vs Maratha
• Maratha Commander : D. Boie (French)
• Win : Maratha

Battle of Malpura :-

• Time : 1800 AD
• Place : Malpura (Tonk)
• Middle : Pratap Singh + Bhim Singh (Jodhpur/ Marwar) Vs Maratha
• Maratha Commander : Daulat Rao Scindia
• Win : Maratha

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	Architecture	Founder	Features
1	Hawa Mahal (Jaipur)	Pratap Singh	𑇐 Establishment : 1799 AD 𑇐 Architect : Ustad Lalchand 𑇐 Shape : Similar to the crown of Lord Shri Krishna 𑇐 This is a 5-storey building. For example- 1. Sharad/ Pratap Mandir (First) 2. Ratan Mandir (Second) 3. Vichitra Mandir (Third) 4. Prakash Mandir (Fourth) 5. Hawa Mandir (Fifth) 𑇐 Windows : 365 𑇐 Ventilations : 953 𑇐 Queens used to watch Teej and Gangaur processions from Hawa Mahal.
	Literature
1			𑇐 Pratap Singh used to write poems under the name Brijnidhi.
	Painting
1	Painting School (Jaipur)	Pratap Singh	𑇐 Pratap Singh’s reign is considered the golden period of Jaipur painting. 𑇐 Painter : Lalchand (He painted animal fights in Jaipur’s painting school)

Music Conference :-

• Organize : Jaipur (by Pratap Singh)
• President : Devarshi Brijpal Bhatt
• A book titled ‘Radha Govind Sangeet Saar’ was written by all the members who attended this conference.

12. Sawai Jagat Singh II

• Reign period : 1803-1818 AD
• He is also called the infamous ruler of Jaipur because of his girlfriend Sir Kapoor (dancer).
• Sir Kapoor was put under house arrest in Nahargarh Fort due to interference in the administration.
• In 1818 AD, he signed a treaty with the British.

Battle of Gingoli :-

• Time : 1807 AD
• Place : Gingoli (Nagaur)
• Middle : Jagat Singh II Vs Man Singh

Note : Gulabrai, the girlfriend of Vijay Singh (Jodhpur) is called 'Noor Jahan of Jodhpur'.

13. Sawai Ram Singh II

• Reign period : 1835-1880 AD
• He became the king at a young age after the death of his father Sawai Jai Singh III.
• Patron : Major John Ludlow
• During his rule, John Ludlow banned the following evils-
  1. Satti Pratha
  2. Samadhi Pratha
  3. Female slaughter
  4. Human trafficking (buying and selling of girls)
• He supported the British in the revolution of 1857 AD, that is why the British gave him the title of ‘Sitar-e-Hind’ and ‘Kotputli’ pargana.
• In 1868 AD, when British ruler George Edward V visited Jaipur, he got Jaipur painted pink (ochre).
• George Edward V called Jaipur ‘Golden Bird’.
• During his reign, ‘Blue Pottery’ became popular in Jaipur.

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	Cultural Achievements	Establishment	Founder	Features
1	Madrasa-e-hunri	1857 AD	Ram Singh II	𑇐 This institute was established for the development of art and culture in the state. 𑇐 In 1886, Sawai Madho Singh II changed its name to ‘Maharaja School of Arts and Crafts’. 𑇐 In 1988, its name was changed to ‘Rajasthan School of Art and Crafts’. 𑇐 Current name : Rajasthan School of Art and Crafts
2	Girls School (Jaipur)	1866 AD	Ram Singh II	𑇐 It was established on the advice of Kanti Chandra Mukherjee. 𑇐 This was the first girls’ school in any princely state of Rajasthan.
3	Maharaja’s College (Jaipur)	1844 AD	Ram Singh II
4	Sanskrit College (Jaipur)	1844 AD	Ram Singh II
5	Albert Hall Museum (Jaipur)	1876 AD	Ram Singh II	𑇐 It was established on the arrival of Prince Albert in Jaipur. 𑇐 Foundation : 1876 AD (by Prince Albert) 𑇐 Architect : Steven Jacob 𑇐 Inauguration : 1887 AD (by Edward Bradford) 𑇐 This is the first museum of Rajasthan.
6	Ramgarh Dam (Jaipur)		Ram Singh II
7	Ramniwas Bagh (Jaipur)		Ram Singh II
8	Ramprakash Theatre (Jaipur)		Ram Singh II

Rupa Badharan Case :-

• This case was related to the death of Jaipur’s king Sawai Jai Singh III.
• Two British officers named Black and Olwis were appointed to investigate this case.
• The people of Jaipur attacked these British officers, in which Black was killed.

14. Sawai Madho Singh II

• Reign period : 1880-1922 AD
• Other name : Babbar Sher
• He built 9 identical palaces in Nahargarh (Jaipur) for his 9 maids.
• He gave financial assistance of Rs. 5 lakhs to Mahan Mohan Malviya for the establishment of Banaras Hindu University (B.H.U.).
• In 1904 AD, he started the postal system in Jaipur. Which was done for the first time in any princely state of Rajasthan.
• He built Mubarak Mahal in Chandra Mahal (Jaipur) in Mughal, Rajput and European style.

15. Sawai Mansingh II

• Reign period : 1922-1947 AD
• Queen : Gayatri Devi (Cooch Behar)
• Prime Minister : Mirza Ismail (builder of modern Jaipur)
• He was the last ruler of the Kachwaha dynasty of Amer (Jaipur).
• He was the king of Amer (Jaipur) at the time of independence.
• He held the post of Rajpramukh of Rajasthan from 1949-1956 AD.
• He was the first, last and only Rajpramukh of Rajasthan.

Gayatri Devi :-

• She became a member of Lok Sabha in 1962 by winning the general election from Swatantra Party.
• She was the first woman Lok Sabha member from Rajasthan.
• Autobiography : The Princess Remembers
• Death : 29 July 2009

2. Kachwaha dynasty of Alwar

• Mirza Raja Jaisingh gave the estate of Machedi (Jaipur) to Kalyansingh Naruka.
• The Naruka branch of the Kachwaha dynasty ruled in Alwar.

Prominent king of Kachwaha dynasty in Alwar

S. No.	King
1	Pratap Singh
2	Bakhtawar Singh
3	Vinay Singh
4	Jai Singh
5	Tej Singh

1. Pratap Singh

• He was a feudal lord (Samant) of Machedi thikana under Amer (Jaipur) principality.
• He went to Alwar from Machedi.
• In 1774 AD, Mughal emperor Shah Alam II declared him the independent king of Alwar.
• In 1775 AD, he captured Alwar and made it his capital.

Court Scholar

S. No.	Court Scholar	Book
1	Jaachak Jeevan	Pratap Raso

2. Bakhtawar Singh

• He used to write poems under the name of Bakhtesh and Chandra Sakhi.
• On 14 November 1803, he signed a treaty with the British.
• Maid : Musi Maharani

Note : In 1803 AD, both the princely states of Alwar and Bharatpur of Rajasthan signed a treaty with the British.

Battle of Laswadi :-

• Time : 1 November, 1803 AD
• Place : Laswadi village (Alwar)
• Middle : Maratha Vs British (Bakhtawar Singh)

3. Vinay Singh

• Queen : Sheela
• The British divided Alwar and gave Tijara to Balwant Singh.
• After some time he regained Tijara.

Cultural Achievements

S. No.	Cultural Achievements	Construction	Features
1	Moosi Maharani Ki Chhatri (Alwar)	Vinay Singh	𑇐 Pillars : 80 𑇐 Other name : Chhatri of 80 pillars 𑇐 Musi was the maid of Maharani Bakhtawar Singh.
2	Siliserh Lake (Alwar)	Vinay Singh	𑇐 It was built by Vinay Singh for his queen Sheela. 𑇐 Other name : Nandan Kanan of Rajasthan

4. Jai Singh

• He gave financial aid to Banaras Hindi University (B.H.U.) and Aligarh Muslim University (A.M.U.) of Uttar Pradesh and Sanatan Dharma College of Lahore.
• He participated in the first Round Table Conference.
• On 10 December 1903, he banned child marriage and mismatched marriages.
• He started using Swadeshi products.
• He established Panchayats in villages.
• On the arrival of Duke of Edinburgh, he got Sariska Palace constructed in Alwar.
• In 1933, after the Tijara riots, the British removed him from the post of king. After which he went to Paris (France).
• He declared Hindi as the national language in Alwar and Kishan Singh declared Hindi as the national language in Bharatpur.
• Death : Paris (France)

Chamber of Princes :-

• President (respectively) :-
  1. Ganga Singh
  2. Jaisingh
• Jaisingh changed its name to ‘Narendra Mandal’.

5. Tej Singh

• He was the king of Alwar at the time of independence.
• He had a suspicious role in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, but later the Supreme Court declared him innocent.
• Alwar’s Prime Minister Bhaskar Khare was also considered a suspect in the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.